Dab tsi yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm drilling rigs?
Drilling rigs yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb siv hauv kev tshawb nrhiav thiab tsim cov roj thiab roj. Lawv yog siv los laum qhov dej los rho cov roj av los yog cov nkev ntuj los ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Muaj ntau hom drilling rigs siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj thiab nyob rau hauv txawv struts. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog lub ntsiab hom ntawm drilling rigs siv nyob rau hauv cov roj thiab roj kev lag luam.
Av-raws li drilling rigs
Av-raws li drilling rigs yog hom feem ntau ntawm drilling rig siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj. Lawv tau siv los laum cov qhov dej ntawm ntug dej uas qhov drilling tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ruaj khov thiab siv tau. Cov av-raws li drilling rigs feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws uas tsis muaj dej loj los yog qhov twg offshore drilling yog kim heev los yog tsis muaj peev xwm. Muaj ntau hom av-raws li drilling rigs, thiab lawv tau muab faib ua ob pawg: cov pa thiab tsis yog.
Pas dej-raws li drilling rigs *
Cov pa hauv av-raws li drilling rigs yog hom yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm drilling rig, thiab lawv feem ntau yog siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav drilling. Lawv kuj tseem hu ua wildcats, thiab lawv tau tsim los xyaum cov qhov dej ntiav. Cov pa drilling rigs muaj xws li ib tug derrick, ib tug mast, ib tug crown block, ib lub hwj chim qhov chaw, thiab lwm yam khoom.
Lub derrick yog qhov pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa roj drilling rig. Nws yog ib lub siab steel qauv uas txhawb nqa lub mast thiab crown thaiv. Lub mast yog qhov tivthaiv uas nce thiab txo qis txoj hlua xyaum thiab me ntsis. Cov yas thaiv yog ib qho loj sheave los yog pulley system uas txhawb nqa thiab coj cov hlua los yog hlua siv los tsa thiab txo cov hlua tho thiab me ntsis.
Cov pa hauv av-raws li drilling rigs raug cais raws li lawv cov rig pem teb loj, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuab drilling rigs, thiab hom fais fab. Lub rig hauv pem teb loj yog qhov chaw muaj rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv drilling. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuab drilling yog hais txog tus naj npawb ntawm qhov dej uas tuaj yeem drilled ib txhij. Lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj yeem yog lub cav diesel, lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntuj.
Non-conventional land-based drilling rigs *
Non-paj av-raws li drilling rigs yog siv rau unconventional drilling hom kev kawm xws li kab rov tav drilling. Lawv yog tsim los xyaum qhov tob thiab complex qhov dej uas yuav tsum tau advanced drilling tshuab. Tsis yog-pas drilling rigs muaj ntau yam khoom, nrog rau cov drilling rig, wellbore, thiab laum hlua.
Lub qhov dej yog lub qhov uas tau drilled rau hauv lub ntiaj teb saum npoo kom rho cov roj los yog roj. Nws muaj cov borehole, casings, thiab cementing. Lub borehole yog txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub qhov, thiab cov casings yog steel kav uas muab kev txhawb nqa thiab ua kom lub borehole qhib. Cementing suav nrog sau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov borehole thiab casings nrog cement.
Lub laum hlua yog cov yeeb nkab uas siv los laum lub qhov dej. Nws muaj cov laum me ntsis, laum yeeb nkab, thiab lwm yam khoom. Lub laum me ntsis yog cov khoom uas txiav cov pob zeb thiab cov av, thiab lub laum yeeb nkab yog lub raj xa hluav taws xob rau lub laum me ntsis.
Tsis yog-paj av-raws li drilling rigs kuj raug cais raws li lawv cov rig pem teb loj thiab hom fais fab. Lawv yog cov kim thiab complex tshaj li cov pa av-raws li drilling rigs.
Offshore drilling rigs
Offshore drilling rigs yog siv los tho qhov dej hauv hiav txwv. Lawv tsim nyog rau drilling hauv dej tob lossis lwm hom kev nkag tsis tau. Offshore drilling rigs yog qhov nyuaj thiab kim tshaj li av-raws li drilling rigs, thiab lawv xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Offshore drilling rigs raug cais raws li lawv qhov tob, lawv hom rig, thiab lawv lub zog. Qhov tob yog hais txog qhov tob ntawm qhov dej uas qhov drilling yog qhov chaw. Hom rig yog hais txog seb lub pob zeb drilling yog tsau lossis txawb. Lub hwj chim tuaj yeem yog diesel, roj turbine, lossis hluav taws xob.
Tsau offshore drilling rigs *
Tsau offshore drilling rigs yog thauj mus rau hauv qab hiav txwv thiab tsis tuaj yeem txav mus los. Lawv yog siv rau cov dej ntiav ntiav thiab tsis tshua kim tshaj li mobile offshore drilling rigs. Tsau offshore drilling rigs tau muab faib ua tsib hom: jack-up rigs, submersible rigs, platform rigs, drillship, thiab semisubmersible rigs.
Lub jack-up rig yog hom kev ruaj khov offshore drilling rig. Nws muaj ib lub nkoj nrog ob txhais ceg uas tuaj yeem txo qis rau hauv qab hiav txwv. Lub platform tau tsa saum cov dej theem rau drilling thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis rov qab rau hauv dej rau kev thauj mus los.
Lub submersible rig yog ib hom drilling rig uas tuaj yeem txo qis rau hauv dej mus rau qhov chaw drilling thiab tom qab ntawd tsa rov qab rau saum cov dej. Lub platform rig yog lub platform ruaj khov loj uas tau kho tas mus li rau hauv hiav txwv. Lub drillship yog ib hom ntawm lub nkoj uas siv rau ob qho tib si drilling thiab ntau lawm. Nws yog nruab nrog cov khoom siv drilling thiab cov tank cia.
Lub semisubmersible rig yog ib hom drilling rig uas yog ib feem hauv dej. Nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los ntawm mooring kab los yog positioning thrusters. Lub semisubmersible rig yog qhov ruaj khov dua li lwm hom kev ruaj khov drilling rigs hauv hiav txwv ntxhib.
Mobile offshore drilling rigs *
Txawb offshore drilling rigs yog siv rau kev sib sib zog nqus dej hiav txwv drilling thiab yog kim tshaj li qhov ruaj khov offshore drilling rigs. Lawv kuj muaj ntau yam thiab siv tau rau ntau yam dej hiav txwv. Mobile offshore drilling rigs tau muab faib ua ob hom: drillship thiab semisubmersible rig.
Lub drillship yog ib hom ntawm lub nkoj uas tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv drilling thiab cov tank cia. Nws yog siv rau drilling thiab ntau lawm hauv dej tob. Lub semisubmersible rig kuj tseem siv rau kev sib sib zog nqus dej hiav txwv drilling thiab yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los ntawm mooring kab los yog positioning thrusters. Nws ruaj khov dua li lwm hom mobile drilling rigs hauv hiav txwv ntxhib.
Xaus
Hauv kev xaus, drilling rigs ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb nrhiav thiab tsim cov roj thiab roj. Lub ntsiab hom ntawm drilling rigs siv nyob rau hauv cov roj thiab roj kev lag luam yog av-raws li drilling rigs thiab offshore drilling rigs. Av-raws li drilling rigs tau muab faib ua cov pa thiab tsis yog. Offshore drilling rigs tau muab faib ua qhov ruaj khov thiab txawb. Txhua hom drilling rig muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, nyob ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov tob ntawm qhov xav tau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv qhov zoo ntawm drilling rig rau ib qhov project drilling kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.