Taw qhia
Drilling yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj. Nws cuam tshuam nrog kev siv laum me ntsis los nkag rau lub ntiaj teb txoj sia rau hauv kev tshawb fawb rau roj thiab roj peev. Drilling tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ntau hom struts thiab ib puag ncig, thiab txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm drilling yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm drilling yog khau casing. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb xyuas seb cov khau casing yog dab tsi hauv qhov drilling, nws qhov tseem ceeb, thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem drilling tag nrho.
Casing Shoe yog dab tsi?
Lub casing khau yog ib yam khoom siv nyob rau hauv drilling los kaw qhov kawg ntawm lub casing yeeb nkab. Lub casing yeeb nkab yog ib tug ntev, hollow raj uas tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhov drilled los muab stability thiab kev txhawb nqa rau lub qhov dej. Lub casing khau yog txuas mus rau hauv qab kawg ntawm cov yeeb nkab casing thiab ua hauj lwm raws li lub barrier ntawm lub casing thiab lub drilled qhov.
Cov khau casing yog tsim los tiv thaiv cov dej drilling, tseem hu ua av nkos, los ntawm kev khiav tawm hauv qab ntawm cov yeeb nkab casing thiab mus rau hauv kev tsim. Cov kua dej drilling yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem drilling, vim nws lubricates lub laum me ntsis thiab nqa cov txiav tawm ntawm lub qhov. Yog tsis muaj cov khau casing, cov kua dej drilling yuav nkag mus rau hauv kev tsim, ua rau kev puas tsuaj thiab ua rau nws nyuaj rau rho tawm cov peev txheej tseem ceeb.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Casing khau
Cov khau casing yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem drilling vim nws muab ntau yam txiaj ntsig. Ua ntej, nws tiv thaiv cov dej drilling los ntawm kev ntws mus rau hauv kev tsim, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem. Yog tias cov kua dej drilling nkag mus rau hauv qhov tsim, nws tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tsim kom tawg thiab tuaj yeem ua rau nws nyuaj rau rho tawm cov roj lossis roj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kua dej kuj tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov dej tsis ruaj khov, ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem xws li kev poob.
Qhov thib ob, cov khau casing muab ib qho kev sib khi ntawm cov yeeb nkab casing thiab tsim, tiv thaiv tsis muaj roj lossis dej nkag mus rau hauv lub casing. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum drilling hauv formations uas muaj roj lossis dej, vim tias cov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem drilling thiab ua rau tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg hauv qhov dej.
Thirdly, lub casing khau muab kev txhawb nqa rau lub casing yeeb nkab, pab kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub qhov dej. Thaum cov yeeb nkab casing muab tso rau hauv lub qhov drilled, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm nws ua tsis ncaj los yog tsis ruaj khov, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg lossis puas tsuaj. Lub casing khau pab kom paub tseeb tias cov yeeb nkab casing yog tuav nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem drilling.
Hom Casing Nkawm khau
Muaj ntau ntau hom khau casing muaj rau siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem drilling. Cov no suav nrog:
1. Cov khau qhia - cov khau qhia yog thawj cov khau khau uas txuas rau hauv qab ntawm cov yeeb nkab casing. Nws nta lub qhov ntswg tapered thiab beveled uas pab coj cov yeeb nkab casing rau hauv lub qhov drilled. Cov khau qhia kuj tseem muaj lub flange me me uas ua haujlwm nres, tiv thaiv cov yeeb nkab los ntawm kev mus deb dhau mus rau hauv lub qhov.
2. Tsav khau - cov khau tsav yog tsim los pab tsav cov yeeb nkab casing rau hauv kev tsim. Nws nta lub cev muaj zog uas pab xa cov quab yuam los ntawm lub laum rig mus rau cov yeeb nkab casing. Cov khau tsav feem ntau muaj cov phab ntsa tuab dua li cov khau qhia kom tiv taus lub zog ntxiv.
3. Float khau - cov khau ntab nta ib txoj kev valve uas tso cai rau cov dej drilling ntws tawm ntawm cov kav dej tab sis tiv thaiv cov kua dej nkag mus rau hauv cov yeeb nkab. Qhov no yuav pab kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub qhov dej thiab tiv thaiv kev sib kis.
4. Cement khau - cov khau cement yog siv thaum cementing lub casing yeeb nkab rau hauv lub qhov drilled. Nws nta lub dab tshos uas pab coj cov cement slurry cia hauv cov yeeb nkab casing thiab mus rau hauv qhov chaw annular ntawm cov yeeb nkab thiab lub qhov drilled.
Txhua yam ntawm cov khau casing muaj nws tus qauv tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev xaiv ntawm cov khau tsim nyog nyob ntawm seb qhov drilling thiab tag nrho cov txheej txheem drilling.
Installation ntawm Casing Nkawm khau
Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khau casing feem ntau tshwm sim ua ke nrog kev ntxig ntawm cov yeeb nkab casing rau hauv qhov drilled. Cov khau yog txuas mus rau hauv qab kawg ntawm cov yeeb nkab casing thiab muab tso rau hauv lub qhov. Raws li cov yeeb nkab casing tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhov, cov khau yuav pab coj nws mus thiab muab kev txhawb nqa.
Thaum cov yeeb nkab casing tau muab tso rau qhov tob uas yuav tsum tau, cov cement yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov yeeb nkab kom sau qhov chaw annular ntawm cov yeeb nkab thiab qhov tsim. Cov khau cement pab coj cov cement slurry cia hauv cov yeeb nkab thiab mus rau hauv qhov chaw annular, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw ntim txaus thiab cov yeeb nkab casing yog ruaj khov rau hauv qhov chaw.
Xaus
Hauv kev xaus, cov khau casing yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem drilling, muab lub foob ntawm lub casing yeeb nkab thiab tsim, tiv thaiv cov dej drilling los ntawm kev khiav tawm thiab muab kev txhawb nqa rau cov yeeb nkab casing. Nkag siab txog ntau yam ntawm cov khau casing thiab lawv cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj kev vam meej ntawm kev ua haujlwm drilling.